Griffin Barrow: A Comprehensive Guide to the Mystical Tomb

Introduction

Nestled amidst the rolling hills of Wiltshire, England, lies the enigmatic Griffin Barrow, a Neolithic long barrow brimming with historical and archaeological significance. Built around 3000 BC, this ancient burial mound has captured the imaginations of historians, archaeologists, and curious minds for centuries.

History and Significance

The Griffin Barrow is believed to have been constructed by the Neolithic inhabitants of the region as a communal tomb. Human remains, along with various artifacts, have been excavated from the site, indicating its use as a burial ground over many centuries.

The barrow derives its name from the mythical creature, the griffin, which adorned the barrow's entrance during its excavation in the 18th century. The griffin, a legendary creature with the body of a lion and the head and wings of an eagle, was a common motif in Neolithic art and is believed to have symbolized power, strength, and protection.

Archaeological Discoveries

Extensive excavations of the Griffin Barrow have yielded a wealth of archaeological treasures that provide insights into the lives and beliefs of Neolithic societies. Among the most significant findings are:

• Human remains: The barrow contains the remains of over 100 individuals, ranging from infants to adults. Analysis of these remains has revealed that the individuals were generally healthy and well-nourished, suggesting a relatively stable and prosperous community.
• Artifacts: A variety of artifacts, including pottery, flint tools, and jewelry, have been recovered from the barrow. These objects provide valuable information about the daily life, craftsmanship, and social organization of the Neolithic inhabitants.
• Grave goods: Many of the individuals buried in the barrow were accompanied by grave goods, such as pottery, weapons, and ornaments. These items were likely intended to accompany the deceased on their journey into the afterlife.

Structure and Dimensions

The Griffin Barrow is a long barrow, a type of Neolithic burial mound characterized by its elongated, oval shape. The barrow measures approximately 60 meters (197 feet) in length and 30 meters (98 feet) in width, making it one of the largest and most impressive Neolithic monuments in Britain.

The barrow is composed of a central mound, which was once enclosed by a ditch and bank. The mound consists of a series of parallel layers of chalk, soil, and rubble, which were deposited over time. The entrance to the barrow is located at the southern end, where a passage leads into a central chamber.

Ritual and Symbolism

The Griffin Barrow is believed to have been more than just a burial ground. It is thought to have served as a ceremonial center, where rituals and ceremonies were performed to honor the dead and connect with the spiritual realm.

The barrow's orientation along the east-west axis, with the entrance facing east, is significant. The east was associated with birth and renewal, while the west represented death and the afterlife. The passage into the barrow may have symbolized the journey from life into death.

Modern Conservation and Access

The Griffin Barrow is a Scheduled Ancient Monument protected by law. It is managed by English Heritage, which is responsible for maintaining and preserving the site.

Visitors can access the barrow by following a public footpath that leads to the entrance. Access to the interior of the barrow is restricted, but visitors can explore the exterior and learn about its history and significance.

Conclusion

The Griffin Barrow stands as a testament to the ingenuity and spiritual beliefs of the Neolithic inhabitants of Britain. Its impressive structure, rich archaeological discoveries, and enduring legacy make it a fascinating destination for historians, archaeologists, and anyone interested in the enigmatic world of ancient civilizations.

Explore the Griffin Barrow: Useful Tables

Table 1: Archaeological Excavations

Table 2: Human Remains

Table 3: Artifacts

Effective Strategies for Preserving Archaeological Sites

• Regular monitoring: Monitor sites to identify potential threats or damage.
• Restriction of access: Limit access to sensitive areas to prevent looting or vandalism.
• Proper excavation techniques: Use ethical and scientific methods to excavate sites without damaging artifacts or structures.
• Documentation: Create detailed records and documentation to preserve information for future generations.
• Public education: Educate the public about the importance of archaeological heritage and encourage responsible behavior.

Pros and Cons of Archaeological Excavations

Pros:

• Provides valuable insights into past societies and cultures.
• Helps to preserve and protect historical artifacts and structures.
• Can stimulate local economies through tourism and research.

Cons:

• Can be destructive to archaeological sites, especially if not done properly.
• May disturb human remains and burial grounds.
• Can be expensive and time-consuming.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Who built the Griffin Barrow? Answer: The Neolithic inhabitants of Britain.
2. When was the Griffin Barrow built? Answer: Around 3000 BC.
3. Why is it called the Griffin Barrow? Answer: Because of the griffin sculpture that adorned its entrance.
4. What was the purpose of the Griffin Barrow? Answer: To serve as a communal tomb and ceremonial center.
5. What types of artifacts have been found in the Griffin Barrow? Answer: Pottery, flint tools, and jewelry.
6. Can visitors access the interior of the Griffin Barrow? Answer: No, access is restricted to preserve the interior.
7. How is the Griffin Barrow protected? Answer: It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument under the care of English Heritage.
8. What is the significance of the Griffin Barrow? Answer: It provides insights into the lives, beliefs, and burial practices of Neolithic societies in Britain.

Call to Action

Explore the fascinating world of archaeology by visiting historical sites like the Griffin Barrow. Support efforts to preserve and protect our cultural heritage for future generations.